The model of the system is simulated using MATLAB/Simulink. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author expresses his gratitude and appreciation for Dr. M. S. Sachdev and Dr. T. S. Sidhu for their supervision of this work. Lv 7. The first numerical relays were released in 1985. Advantages of Numerical relays: Compact Size: Electromechanical Relay makes use of mechanical comparison devices, which cause the main reason for the bulky size of relays. The advantages of numerical protection devices are in terms of protection, reliability, and trouble shooting and fault information. Numerical relays are all microprocessor based, but there are relays that take the advantage of microprocessor technology and are not fully numerical. A relay comprises of an electromagnet and a contact unit. on a numerical relay which is composed of rms current converter, integrator, comparator, low-pass filter and reset logic. 35. Download full … It uses a flag system for the indication purpose whether the relay has been activated or not. This implies that Reactance Relay is an over-current Relay with directional Restraint. -controller Current SamplingB CA E Direct AC Sampling Output Control … Numerical Relays working explained in this post with the help of a Numerical relay used in industrial applications. Ltd., Kolkata, West Bengal. Numerical Relay Advantages & Impact on Scheme Design Integration of a suite of Protection & Control functions. The distinction between digital and numerical relay rests on points of fine technical detail. Compact Size . In some cases where the kW rating of LT motor is more (generally more than 75 kW), CTMM or Numerical Relays are used. Electro Mechanical v/s Numerical Relay 1. NUMERICAL RELAY TESTING AND VALIDATION IN RELAY LIFE CYCLE. Numerical relays are all microprocessor based, but there are relays that take the advantage of microprocessor technology and are not fully numerical. Electromechanical Relay makes use of mechanical comparison devices, which cause the main reason for the bulky size of relays. This necessitated providing adequate automatic protection for transformer against possible faults. Input processing. Voltage Balance Differential Relay Under normal healthy condition, the two voltages e1 and e2 are same ,so the difference between them is zero. what are the advantages of numerical protective relay when compared with other types? advantages over the other relays such as reduced size, reduced number of protection elements, reduced cost, increased speed etc. Advantages of Numerical relays: Compact Size Flexibility Multi Function Capability Different types of relay characteristics Digital communication capabilities Modular frame Sensitivity Speed Fast Resetting Data History (1)Nature of fault, (2) Magnitude of fault level, (3) Breaker problem, (4) C.T. The reset time of the relay is very less. These days, numerical relays are preferred over CTMM relays due to various advantages offered by Numerical Relays. Numerical relay is the relay in which the measured AC quantities are sequentially sampled and converted into numerical data that is mathematically and/or logically processed to make trip decisions. monophoto. However, Electromechanical Relays are still being used. No special programming device is required. A Numerical Protection Relay Solution 4 Simultaneous Sampling Requirements In most NPRs, the phase relationship between the signals captured from different channels is as important as the value of the signal. ADVANTAGES OF NUMERICAL RELAYS 1) Compact Size: Numerical relay is compact in size, and uses LCD to indicate relay activation. A DSP from Texas Instruments, TMS320F2812 is chosen to build the overcurrent relay according to inverse definite minimum time (IDMT) characteristics. 2) Flexibility: We can modify its functional operation by changing codes in software. The Advantages of Electromechanical relays are-They are quick acting and can be reset fast. As a result of advances in technology, they can be viewed as natural developments of digital relays. The directional element is so designed to give Maximum Torque Angle (MTA/RCA) of 90 degree. Being current sensing, they are to be selected according to motor rating and are available for practically all ranges of motors. Spring Disc Time Adjustment: Tension controlled Contacts Core Sensing Coil Electro Mechanical (Start of Century) 2. They are simple in construction. Also, once a fuse melts, unless it is replaced, the equipment cannot be energized again. Numerical relays are based on the use of microprocessors. Advantages of numerical relays. Numerical method is the best method to design relay due to following advantages: ISSN: 2319-8753 International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology 1 decade ago. Self-check feature improves the protection system reliability. numerical relay is implemented and its performance is examined. A big difference between conventional electromechanical and static relays is how the relays are wired. -controller Current SamplingB CA E AC - DC Conversion Output Control Steady state data Relay Contacts Crystal Micro Controller Based (Late 80s) 3. This creates difficulty in primary-backup coordination activity. Multiple relay characteristics The range of operation of traditional models is narrow while numerical relays are diverse and evolution adaptable. Electromechanical and static relays have fixed wiring and the setting is manual. A numerical relay has got several advantages as compared to ordinary electromagnetic relays. The following are the benefits of static relays. Advantages of Numerical relays: Compact Size: Electromechanical Relay makes use of mechanical comparison devices, which cause the main reason for the bulky size of relays. However, in LT motors, above five protections are used differently. Advantages of Static Relay. December 2018; Conference: CIGRE Paris Session 2018 ; Authors: Sanjay Patki. With their unique advantages they eliminate use of a thermal/bimetal relay for motor protection. This property of multitasking is further strengthened on the account that the numerical system can accommodate different types of relay characteristics. Favorite Answer. The advantage of this relay is that it is less likely to operate inaccurately than a differentially connected over current relay when a short circuit occurs external to the protected zone. Numerical three phase over current and earth fault Relay Type NI 40/41 Application The NI 40 / 41 Feeder Protection Relay is ABB's new and advanced solution for cost-efficient feeder protection relay. Siemens SIPROTEC series have been used as an example of numerical relays, specifically 7SJ64 as OC relay, which exists in the ETAP library. The overcurrent relay is built using numerical relay technology such that the processor used in the relay is a DSP. Therefore from Universal Torque Equation, T = K 1 I 2 +K 2 V 2 +K 3 VICos(Ɵ-Ƭ)+K 4. Kulkarni Suyash. It provides medium and low voltage networks with an optimized composition of protection functions within one relay. Putting K2 = 0, K4 = 0 and Ƭ = 90° we get the Torque in Reactance Relay as. While Numerical Relay … Electromechanical, have been gradually been replaced by Static and then by Numerical Relays. Answer Save. The static relay gives the quick response, long life, high reliability and accuracy and it is shockproof. And the simulation results show the advantages of the proposed method in reducing the time needed by the relay to clear the electrical fault. TMS320F2812 is a high performance processor which is … The definition is: Activating the contact unit using electromagnetic attraction, which is produced when electric current exceeding the specified value flows to the electromagnet; the voltage and current (input signal) applied to the coil opens or shuts the contact. Their advice and assistance in the preparation of this thesis are thankfully acknowledged. NUMERICAL RELAY CHARACTERISTICS 2.1 General Characteristics Num erical relays are highly co mpact devices, characterised with fast operation, high sensitivity, self monitoring, and low maintenance. Exporter of Numerical Relays - Numerical Relays - MiCOM C264-P, Numerical Relays - MiCOMho P446, P443 and P445, Numerical Relays - Bitronics 70 Series Measurement System and Numerical Relays - P991 Test Block offered by Fidere Engineers & Services Pvt. It is rarely found in areas other than Protection. It is also called numerical relay. However, with fuses it is difficult to control the time to trip. Voltage Balance Differential Relay 36. numerical relay models respond satisfactorily according with the expected results of the tests. 1 Programmability of Numerical Relays: A Busbar Protection Relay Serves as a Traditional RTU Casper Labuschagne, Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc., Pullman, WA, USA Izak van der Merwe, Eskom Resources and Strategy Division, Cape Town, South Africa Abstract -- Numerical relays have revolutionized protection, control, metering, and communication in power systems. The values can be easily set. Each product replaces several discrete relays. It uses a flag system for the indication purpose whether the relay has been activated or not. Dave Kamin. These are given below: Protection is enhanced due to their complex, multiple protections characteristic. Relevance. 2 Answers. It requires less wiring so it is not having complex architecture. 15.1 Fundamental Principle of Overcurrent Relay 15.1.1Limitations of a Fuse Advantage of fuse based protection is its simplicity and cheapness. Advantages of Numerical relays 1. They are reliable. The static relay consumes very less power because of which the burden on the measuring instruments decreases and their accuracy increases. A digital protective relay may also be called a "numeric protective relay". I But by combining many features into one piece of hardware, numerical relay centres on the issues of reliability and availability. The advantages are - - because the basic hardware is shared between multiple functions, the cost of individual protection functions can be reduced significantly. The time to trip the equipment can not be energized again account that the processor used in the relay clear. Of traditional models is narrow while numerical relays are all microprocessor based, but there relays. 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